Diagnosis and Management of Common Cardiac Comorbidities

This lecture will provide a practical approach to cardiac patients that have concurrent disease. Among the comorbidities covered will be renal disease, hypertension, electrolyte disturbances, and various endocrine diseases. Updated treatment recommendations will be provided.

• Recognize and interpret common comorbidities in cardiac patients—including renal disease, hypertension, electrolyte disturbances, and endocrine disorders—and understand how they influence cardiac stability and clinical presentation.
• Apply a practical, evidence‑based diagnostic approach to identify and characterize these comorbidities using appropriate laboratory testing, blood pressure assessment, and targeted imaging.
• Implement updated treatment strategies that safely integrate cardiac and comorbidity management, optimizing patient outcomes while minimizing drug interactions, hemodynamic compromise, and therapeutic conflicts.